Scaling means avoiding frequency collisions and routing through imperfect hardware. This page connects spectral crowding to crosstalk, and routing distance to compounded two-qubit errors.
Spectral Crowding
Lorentzian peaks5 qubits
Spacing4.0 MHz
Linewidth4.0 MHz
Neighbor overlap: 50.0%
Total response (all qubits)Tighter spacing or broader linewidth increases crosstalk risk.
Routing Cost
3 two-qubit gates per SWAP
Two-qubit error0.6%
SWAPs3
Success: 94.7% (failure 5.3%)
Total two-qubit gates: 9Routing cost compounds quickly as distance grows.